De Stijl (meaning "The Style" in Dutch) was an art movement originating in the Netherlands, from 1917 to 1931. It was founded by a group of artists and architects, including Piet Mondrian and Theo van Doesburg, who were interested in creating a new, universal visual language based on the principles of simplicity, abstraction, and universality.
De Stijl was characterized by its use of simple, geometric forms and a limited color palette of black, white, and the primary colors red, yellow, and blue. The movement was inspired by the idea of creating a universal, abstract visual language that could be understood by people of all cultures and backgrounds. De Stijl artists sought to reduce the visual elements of their work to the essentials, and their work is known for its purity and simplicity.
De Stijl was influential in the development of modern art and design; its principles were particularly influential on the Bauhaus movement and the development of the International Style in architecture.
Russian Constructivism was a movement in the arts that originated in Russia in the early 20th century. It was based on the idea that art should serve a practical, social purpose and should be focused on the construction of a new, socialist society. Constructivist artists believed that art should be an active force in society and that it should be used to promote social change and the construction of a new, communist society.
Constructivism was influential in the development of modern art and design, and its ideas and approaches have had a lasting impact on the field. The movement's emphasis on functionality and the social role of art has had a major influence on the development of design education and practice around the world. A prominent member of Russian Constructivism was Alexander Rodchenko, who actually abandoned his routes in painting to pursue the more functional side of art and design as it was more useful for the newly communist country. Rodchenko’s work feature’s photographs intertwined with type and / or shapes..
